Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics by treatment group
| Characteristic | DCS* (n = 12) |
Placebo (n = 13) |
Total (n = 25) |
x2, F | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age (SD) | 41.1 (6.2) | 41.5 (11.5) | 41.3 (9.1) | .01 | .92 |
| Female N (%) | 6 (50) | 7 (53.8) | 13 (52) | .04 | .85 |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | 4.3 | .23 | |||
| European American | 2 (16.7) | 6 (46.2) | 8 (32) | ||
| African American | 6 (50) | 6 (46.2) | 12 (48) | ||
| Latin American | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | ||
| Native American | 2 (16.7) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (12) | ||
| Education (n, %) | .42 | .51 | |||
| ≤12 years | 8 (66.7) | 7 (53.8) | 15 (60) | ||
| >12 years | 4 (33.3) | 6 (46.2) | 10 (40) | ||
| Employed, full or part time (n, %) | 4 (33.3) | 6 (46.2) | 10 (40) | .43 | .51 |
| Married or in stable relationship (n, %) | 4 (33.3) | 2 (15.4) | 6 (24) | 1.1 | .30 |
| Cigarettes smoked per day (past 28 days), Mean (SD) |
18.1 (4.5) | 21.6 (7.6) | 19.9 (6.5) | 1.9 | .18 |
| Years having smoked, Mean (SD) | 24.4 (6.5) | 24.1 (11.9) | 24.2 (9.5) | .01 | .93 |
| Previous quit attempts, Mean (SD) | 2.1 (2.1) | 4.2 (4.1) | 3.2 (3.4) | 2.3 | .14 |
| Fagerström score, Mean (SD) | 6.9 (1.3) | 6.9 (1.6) | 6.9 (1.4) | .00 | .99 |
| Expired Carbon Monoxide, Mean (SD) | 18.8 (10.8) | 23.5 (12.0) | 21.2 (11.4) | 1.0 | .32 |
| Urinary Cotinine, Mean (SD) | 1578.5 (653.3) | 2332.0 (1097.8) | 1970.3 (972.5) | 4.3 | .05 |
| QSU-brief, Mean (SD) | |||||
| Factor 1† | 27.1 (8.3) | 26.5 (8.7) | 26.8 (8.3) | .00 | .86 |
| Factor 2 | 10.0 (5.3) | 9.8 (3.5) | 9.9 (4.3) | .00 | .93 |
*
DCS: d-Cycloserine treatment group
†
Factor 1 of the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU-brief) represents smoking as the result of the ‘desire to smoke’, while Factor 2 represents smoking to ‘relieve negative affect’.