Table 1.
Summary of the toxicity tests with 73 test chemicals, their carcinogenic properties, and carcinogen group clustered in this study.
| Test No. | Name | Source*1 | Toxicity test |
Carcinogenic properties |
Carcinogen group no.*8 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dose*2 | Vehicle*3 | Histopath.*4 | Car.*5 | Hepatocar.*6 | Muta.*7 | ||||
| C01 | Diethylnitrosamine | B | 20(30,6, 1.2, 0.24) | DW | FICI, SCN | + | + | + | 1 |
| C02 | N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea | A | 3 | DW | NO | + | − | + | 2 |
| C03 | MNNG | B | 0.5 | DW | NO | + | NA | + | other |
| C04 | N-Nitrosodimethylamine | A | 0.2 | DW | NO | + | + | + | 1 |
| C05 | N-Nitrosomorpholine | B | 10 (141, 28.2, 5.64, 1.13) | DW | FICI, SCN | + | + | + | 1 |
| C06 | N-Nitrosopiperidine | G | 10 | DW | DHH, FICI | + | + | + | 1 |
| C07 | 2-Nitropropane | A | 40 | CO | GI | + | + | + | 1 |
| C08 | 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide | A | 2 (5, 1, 0.2, 0.04) | CO | NO | + | − | + | 2 |
| C09 | 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene | C | 50 | CO | NO | + | NA | + | 2 |
| C10 | 3′-Methyl-4-dimethylamino azobenzene | B | 50 | CO | AH, PHH, | + | NA | + | 1 |
| C11 | 2-Acetylaminofluorene | A | 6 | CO | DHH, VH | + | + | + | 1 |
| C12 | MelQx | H | 20 | 1% CMC | NO | + | + | + | 1 |
| C13 | PhIP | H | 5 | 1% CMC | NO | + | − | + | 2 |
| C14 | Furan | C | 10 | CO | AH, HHN VH | + | + | + | 1 |
| C15 | Safrole | C | 300 | CO | ECH, SCN | + | + | + | 2 |
| C16 | Benz[a]anthracene | B | 50 (100, 20, 4, 0.8) | CO | NO | + | NA | + | 3 |
| C17 | Benzo[a]pyrene | C | 15 | CO | NO | + | − | + | 2 |
| C18 | 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a] anthracene | A | 1 (30, 6, 1.2, 0.24) | CO | NO | + | − | + | 2 |
| C19 | 3-Methylcholanthrene | A | 2 | CO | NO | + | − | + | 2 |
| C20 | Quinoline | E | 25(30,6, 1.2, 0.24) | CO | HHN, IMF, SCN | + | + | + | 1 |
| C21 | 2,4-Diaminotoluene | D | 10 | DW | PHH | + | + | + | 1 |
| C22 | Clofibrate | A | 250 (275, 55, 11, 2.2) | CO | PHH | + | + | − | 2 |
| C23 | Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate | C | 1,000 | CO | NO | + | − | − | 2 |
| C24 | Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | A | 300 | CO | PHH | + | + | − | 2 |
| C25 | Phenobarbital | C | 100 (110, 22, 4.4, 0.88) | DW | PHH | + | NA | − | 3 |
| C26 | Phenytoin | B | 160 | DW | NO | + | E | − | 2 |
| C27 | Diethylstilbestrol | B | 10 | CO | VH | + | E | − | 3 |
| C28 | Ethinylestradiol | A | 0.5 | CO | ATM | + | + | − | 3 |
| C29 | Methapyrilene HCl | A | 50 | DW | DHH, FICI, HHN, IMF, SCN | + | NA | − | 1 |
| C30 | Acetamide | A | 1,180 | DW | NO | + | + | − | 1 |
| C31 | Butylated hydroxyanisole | C | 750 (1,000, 200, 40, 8) | CO | NO | + | + | − | 2 |
| C32 | 1,4-Dioxane | C | 1,000 (1,000, 200, 40,8) | DW | PHH | + | LP | − | 1 |
| C33 | d-Limonene | A | 1,000 (800, 160, 32, 6.4) | CO | NO | + | − | − | 2 |
| C34 | Methyl carbamate | B | 500 | DW | AH, GI, IMF | + | + | − | 1 |
| C35 | Thioacetamide | C | 20 (25, 5, 1, 0.2) | DW | AH, HHN | + | + | − | 1 |
| C36 | Urethane | A | 80 | DW | NO | + | + | − | 1 |
| C37 | Aldrin | I | 0.3 | CO | NO | + | − | − | 2 |
| C38 | Chlorendic acid | B | 100 | DW | NO | + | + | − | 2 |
| C39 | Chloroform | A | 90 | CO | NO | + | + | − | 3 |
| C40 | 1,4-Dichlorobenzene | B | 300 | CO | PHH | + | − | − | 2 |
| C41 | Hexachlorobenzene | A | 5 | CO | NO | + | + | − | 2 |
| C42 | alpha-Hexachloro | C | 20 | CO | PHH | + | + | − | 2 |
| C43 | cyclohexane | B | 200 | CO | NO | + | − | − | 3 |
| C44 | Pentachloroethane | A | 700 | CO | NO | + | − | − | 2 |
| C45 | Trichloroethylene | A | 100 | CO | NO | + | − | − | 2 |
| C46 | Tetrachloroethylene | A | 300 | DW | NO | + | NA | − | 2 |
| C47 | Trichloroacetic acid D,L-Ethionine | C | 30 (250, 50, 10,2) | CO | NO | + | + | − | 2 |
| NC01 | 4-(Chloroacetyl)acetanilide | A | 250 | CO | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NC02 | 2-Chloroetahnol | A | 40 | DW | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NC03 | 2-Chloromethylpyridine HCI | B | 150 | DW | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NC04 | 2-Chloro-p-phenylenediamine SO4 | A | 100 | 1% CMC | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NCO5 | 1-Chloro-2-propanol | F | 100 | DW | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NC06 | 2,6-Diaminotoluene | A | 10 | DW | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NC07 | 8-Hydroxyquinoline | B | 25 | CO | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NCO8 | 4-Nitroanthranilic acid | B | 1,000 | CO | GI | − | − | + | − |
| NC09 | 1-Nitre-naphthalene | B | 100 | CO | IMF | − | − | + | − |
| NC10 | 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine | A | 250 | 1% CMC | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NC11 | p-Phenylenediamine 2HCl | A | 60 | DW | NO | − | − | + | − |
| NC12 | 2,5-Toluenediamine SO4 | B | 50 | 1% CMC | − | − | + | − | |
| NC13 | 3-Chloro-p-toluidine | B | 300 | CO | AH, PHH | − | − | − | − |
| NC14 | L-Ascorbic acid | C | 1,000 (1,000, 200, 40, 8) | DW | NO | − | − | − | − |
| NC15 | Aspirin | A | 27 | CO | NO | − | − | − | − |
| NC16 | Caprolactam | A | 375 | DW | NO | − | − | − | − |
| NC17 | Indomethacin | C | 5 | CO | NO | − | − | − | − |
| NC18 | Lindane | A | 10 | CO | NO | − | − | − | − |
| NC19 | Lithocholic acid | C | 1,000 (750, 150, 30, 6) | 5% AGS | NO | − | − | − | − |
| NC20 | D-Mannitol | C | 1,000 | DW | NO | − | − | − | − |
| NC21 | DL-Menthol | D | 1,000 | CO | PHH | − | − | − | − |
| NC22 | Phthalamide | B | 1,000 | CO | NO | − | − | − | − |
| NC23 | Sodium benzoate | C | 1,000 | DW | GI | − | − | − | − |
| NC24 | Alpha-Tocopherol | C | 1,000 (1,000, 200, 40, 8) | CO | NO | − | NA | − | − |
| NC25 | Benzoin | C | 500 | 5% AGS | NO | − | − | NA | − |
| NC26 | lodoform | C | 200 | CO | NO | − | − | NA | − |
A; Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA), B; Tokyo chemical Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan), C; Wako pure chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), D; Junsei chemical Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan), E; Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd (Osaka, Japan), F; Fluka Chemical Co. (Buchs, Switzerland), G; Kanto chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan), H; Nard institute Ltd. (Hyogo, Japan), I; AccuStandard Inc. (New Haven, CT, USA).
mg/kg/day.
5% AGS; 5.0 w/v % Arabic gum solution, CO; Corn oil, DW; Distilled water, 1% CMC; 1% Carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution.
Histo-pathology: AH; Apoptosis of hepatocytes, ATH; Atrophy of hepatocytes, DHH; Diffuse hypertrophy of hepatocytes, ECH; Eosinophilic change of hepatocytes, FICI; Focal inflammatory cell infiltrates in liver, GI; glycogen increment, IMF; Increment of mitotic figure in hepatocytes, HHN; Hypertrophy of hepatocyte nuclear, NO; No histological abnormalities, PHH; Periportal hypertrophy of hepatocytes, SCN; Single cell necrosis of hepatocyes, VH; Vacuolization of hepatocytes.
Carcino-genicity.
E; Equivocal, NA; Not available data, LP; Limited positive.
Hepato-carcinogenicity.
Muta-genecity
The results based on the present study.