Table 2.
Estimated death rates, half-lives, and birth rates, based on internal gene duplications for which S < 0.6
| Species | Internal gene duplication |
Complete gene duplication |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death rates |
Half-lives |
Birth rates |
B | D | ||||
| D (SE) | d (SE) | S0.5 (SE) | Years, 106 (SE) | B (SE) | B*(SE) | |||
| A. thaliana | 0.577 (0.059) | 86.0 (14.0) | 0.0081 (0.0013) | 0.661 (0.108) | 0.0011 (0.0001) | 0.002 (0.00013) | 0.0032 | 0.033 |
| O. sativa | 0.716 (0.047) | 125.9 (16.6) | 0.0055 (0.0007) | 0.451 (0.059) | 0.0016 (0.0006) | 0.002 (0.00007) | - | - |
| C. elegans | 0.474 (0.089) | 64.3 (17.0) | 0.0108 (0.0028) | 0.346 (0.091) | 0.0021 (0.0002) | 0.006 (0.00049) | 0.0028 | 0.229 |
| D. melanogaster | 0.764 (0.072) | 144.4 (30.3) | 0.0048 (0.0010) | 0.154 (0.032) | 0.0041 (0.0005) | 0.013 (0.00150) | 0.0011 | 0.136 |
| M. musculus | 0.793 (0.037) | 157.3 (18.0) | 0.0044 (0.0005) | 0.882 (0.101) | 0.0023 (0.0002) | 0.001 (0.00008) | 0.0030 | 0.134 |
| H. sapiens | 0.725 (0.052) | 129.0 (18.9) | 0.0054 (0.0008) | 1.074 (0.157) | 0.0012 (0.0001) | 0.001 (0.00004) | 0.0049 | 0.081 |
For internally duplicated genes, D (death rate of internal duplication per gene) and B (birth rate of internal duplication per gene) are estimated on a time scale of divergence at silent sites of 1% (S = 0.01). d is the instantaneous loss rate of internal duplications. B* is the birth rate of internal duplications per gene per MY. Standard errors are shown in parentheses. The data for complete gene duplications are from ref. 29.