Table 1.

Dietary survey methods used for the present study

Country	Year	Methodology used	N	Age range, ys	References
Denmark	2000–2004	Seven-day pre-coded record	5,885	4–75	(11)
Finland	2002	48-h recall + survey on use of fortified foods, for distribution modelling: Monte Carlo simulation (fortification) and C-SIDE®	2,007	25–64	(12)
Germany	1997–1999	Modified diet history	4,030	18–79	(13–16)
	2006	Modified diet history (12–17 ys) three-day estimated food diary (6–11 ys)	2,506	6–17
Ireland	1997–1999	Seven-day estimated food diary	1,379	18–64	(17, 18)
	2003–2004	Seven-day weighed food diary	594	5–12
Italy	1994–1996	Seven-day record (non-pre-coded food)	1,200 households 2,700 individuals analysed 1,978 individuals (manually checked bad-reporters were excluded)	0–94	(19)
The Netherlands	Young adults 2003	Two 24-h recall on non-consecutive days	750	19–30	(20, 21)
	Total population 1997/1998	Food record on two consecutive days	5,958	1–95	(22)
	Young children 2005/2006	Two diet records on non-consecutive days	639	4–6	(23)
Poland	2000 (September–December)	24-h recall	4,134	1–96	(24)
Spain	Adults: 2002–2003	Two 24-h recall on non-consecutive days and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire	2,160	10–80	(25, 26)
			1,613	18–64
	Children: 1998–2000	One 24-h recall (a second one in one-third of the sample on a non-consecutive day)	3,534	2–24
			1,860	4–17
United Kingdom	1997	Face-to-face interview; seven-day food and supplements diary and seven-day weighed intake	2,127	4–18	(27)
	2000–2001		2,251	19–64	(28)