ERPs recorded from institutionalized children, children living in foster care having previously experienced institutionalization, and never institutionalized children at 42 months of age, to pictures of their caregiver's face and the face of a stranger. Again, as with Figure 3, we have collapsed over stimulus to reveal the group differences in ERP amplitudes. As was the case with the facial emotion manipulation (see Figure 2), the ERPs of the foster care group are beginning to normalize.