Table 3.
Multilevel logistic regression analyses of GP-characteristics, practice characteristics, patient characteristics and indicator characteristics on adherence to guidelines
| Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | |
| Constant | 1.893 | 1.893 | 1.893 | 1.066 | 0.657 | 0.654 |
| GP- characteristics | ||||||
| Age | 1.001 | 1.002 | 1.004 | 1.004 | ||
| Female GP (ref = male) | 1.007 | 1.021 | 1.022 | 1.024 | ||
| List size | 0.952 | 0.953 | 0.952 | 0.947 | ||
| Workload | 1.001 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| Hours of CME per week | 0.996 | 0.996 | 0.996 | |||
| Satisfaction with available time (1-5) | 0.954* | 0.954* | ||||
| Practice and population characteristics | ||||||
| Proportion of elderly 75+ | 1.024** | 1.024** | 1.044** | 1.045** | ||
| Proportion of publicly insured | 1.004 | 1.004 | 1.007* | 1.007* | ||
| Proportion of ethnic minorities (Nat. Logarithm) | 1.035 | 1.035 | 1.067* | 1.068* | ||
| Proportion of self-rated health poor | 0.985* | 0.986 | 0.972** | 0.972** | ||
| Practice type (ref = single-handed) | ||||||
| Dual | 1.025 | 1.016 | 1.027 | 1.031 | ||
| Group | 1.037 | 1.015 | 1.008 | 1.006 | ||
| Health centre | 1.024 | 1.010 | 1.030 | 1.033 | ||
| Urbanization (ref = very urban) | ||||||
| Urban | 1.050 | 1.053 | 1.017 | 1.020 | ||
| Moderately urban | 1.102 | 1.114 | 1.110 | 1.111 | ||
| Rural | 1.008 | 1.006 | 0.992 | 0.999 | ||
| Very rural | 1.062 | 1.075 | 1.106 | 1.119 | ||
| Dispensing practice | 0.999 | 0.984 | 0.933 | 0.931 | ||
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age | 1.001** | 1.001** | 1.002** | 1.002** | ||
| Female (ref = male) | 1.043** | 1.043** | 1.069** | 1.069** | ||
| Publ. Insured | 1.016 | 1.015 | 1.020 | 1.020 | ||
| Self-rated health poor | 0.967** | 0.967** | 0.956** | 0.956** | ||
| Self-rated health unknown | 0.962* | 0.962* | 0.941* | 0.941* | ||
| Non-western migrant (ref = western) | 0.979 | 0.979 | 0.956 | 0.955 | ||
| Ethnicity unknown | 1.030 | 1.030 | 1.050* | 1.050* | ||
| GAI-characteristics | ||||||
| Short-term time investment (ref = equal) | ||||||
| Greater | 0.458** | 0.461** | ||||
| Smaller | 1.547** | 1.550** | ||||
| Long-term time investment (ref = equal) | ||||||
| Greater | 2.104** | 2.104** | ||||
| Smaller | 3.133** | 3.155** | ||||
| About referrals (ref = prescriptions and other) | 15.333** | 15.348** | ||||
| Interaction workload* time investment short greater | 0.999 | |||||
| Interaction workload* time investment short smaller | 1.000 | |||||
| Interaction workload* time investment long greater | 1.000 | |||||
| Interaction workload* time investment long smaller | 0.999 | |||||
| Variance components | ||||||
| Practice level | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.000 |
| Reduction [1] | 50% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | |
| GP-level | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Reduction [1] | 32.3% | 32.3% | 40.2% | 0% | 0% | |
| Patient level | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.285 | 0.287 |
| Reduction [1] | ||||||
| GAI level | 1.965 | 1.889 | 1.970 | 1.971 | 1.516 | 1.519 |
| Reduction [1] | 4% | 0% | 0% | 22.8% | 22.8% | |
OR = exp-b (odds ratio); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005