Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors associated with all types of nonfatal unintentional household injury
| Variables | ORunadj | 95% CI | p value | ORMV | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | <0.001a | |||||
| Male (reference) | 1 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Female | 2.26 | (1.74–2.93) | <0.001a | 3.10 | 1.99–4.84 | <0.001a |
| Age | 0.001a | |||||
| 0–19 (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| 20–39 | 0.98 | (0.68–1.42) | 0.93 | NS | NS | NS |
| 40–59 | 0.77 | (0.53–1.11) | 1.67 | NS | NS | NS |
| ≥60 | 0.46 | (0.29–0.71) | 0.001a | NS | NS | NS |
| Education level | 0.13 | |||||
| Primary or less (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| Form 1 to 5 | 1.18 | (0.85–1.65) | 0.31 | NS | NS | NS |
| Form 6 to higher diploma | 1.47 | (0.91–2.36) | 0.12 | NS | NS | NS |
| Degree or above | 1.55 | (1.04–2.31) | 0.03 | NS | NS | NS |
| Family income | 0.58 | |||||
| <10,000 (reference) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 10,000–19,999 | 0.87 | (0.62–1.22) | 0.42 | – | – | – |
| 20,000–29,999 | 1.26 | (0.74–2.14) | 0.39 | – | – | – |
| ≥30,000 | 1.15 | (0.68–1.94) | 0.61 | – | – | – |
| Occupation | 0.05 | |||||
| Managers and administrators (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| Professionals | 0.9 | (0.34–2.42) | 0.84 | NS | NS | NS |
| Associate professionals | 1.22 | (0.45–3.26) | 0.7 | NS | NS | NS |
| Clerks | 1.53 | (0.61–3.83) | 0.37 | NS | NS | NS |
| Service workers and shop sales workers | 1.25 | (0.48–3.25) | 0.64 | NS | NS | NS |
| Craft and related workers | 0.42 | (0.14–1.25) | 0.12 | NS | NS | NS |
| Plant and machine operators and assemblers | 0.68 | (0.23–2.05) | 0.5 | NS | NS | NS |
| Elementary occupations | 0.78 | (0.23–2.67) | 0.69 | NS | NS | NS |
| Unemployed | 0.56 | (0.15–2.08) | 0.38 | NS | NS | NS |
| Living size | 0.24 | |||||
| <400 ft2 (reference) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 400–599 ft2 | 1.18 | (0.78–1.78) | 0.44 | – | – | – |
| 600–799 ft2 | 1.33 | (0.85–2.07) | 0.21 | – | – | – |
| 800–999 ft2 | 1.69 | (1.00–2.84) | 0.49 | – | – | – |
| ≥1,000 ft2 | 1.15 | (0.67–1.00) | 0.61 | – | – | – |
| Housing type | 0.06 | |||||
| Public housing (reference) | 1 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Subsidized sales flat | 1.13 | (0.76–1.68) | 0.55 | 0.81 | 0.38–1.72 | 0.59 |
| Private flat and house | 1.46 | (1.10–1.95) | 0.01 | 2.26 | 1.27–4.03 | 0.01 |
| Rental/quarters | 0.79 | (0.20–3.13) | 0.74 | 0.30 | 0.03–2.83 | 0.30 |
| Time spent at home | 0.04 | |||||
| <6 h/day (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| 7–12 h/day | 1.67 | (0.77–3.61) | 0.2 | NS | NS | NS |
| 13–24 h/day | 1.22 | (0.56–2.65) | 0.61 | NS | NS | NS |
| Living densitya | 0.51 | |||||
| 0–99 ft2 per person (reference) | 1 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 100–499 ft2 per person | 0.77 | (0.48–1.23) | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.09–0.54 | <0.00a |
| ≥500 ft2 per person | 0.91 | (0.40–2.06) | 0.81 | 0.20 | 0.05–0.82 | 0.03 |
| Type of floor | 0.17 | |||||
| Plastics (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| Wood | 1.46 | (0.91–2.36) | 0.12 | NS | NS | NS |
| Marble/brick/cement | 1.11 | (0.7–1.77) | 0.66 | NS | NS | NS |
| Rug/carpeted | 1.81 | (0.11–29.96) | 0.68 | NS | NS | NS |
| Stairs at home | 0.33 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.21 | (0.83–1.78) | 0.33 | – | – | – |
| Have windowsill | 0.07 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| Yes | 1.27 | (0.98–1.64) | 0.07 | NS | NS | NS |
| Bunk bed | 0.05 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| Yes | 1.3 | (1.0–1.67) | 0.05 | NS | NS | NS |
| Misplaced objects or obstacles on the floor | 0.08 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| Yes | 1.27 | (0.97–1.65) | 0.08 | NS | NS | NS |
| Exercise equipment at home | 0.01 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| Yes | 1.69 | (1.16–2.48) | 0.01 | NS | NS | NS |
| Household need further maintenance | 0.84 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 0.96 | (0.63–1.46) | 0.84 | – | – | – |
| Eye glasses | 0.24 | |||||
| Normal vision (reference) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Need eyeglasses, have worn eyeglasses | 0.93 | (0.72–1.21) | 0.61 | – | – | – |
| Need eyeglass, but did not wear eyeglasses | 0.6 | (0.33–1.08) | 0.09 | – | – | – |
| Mobility problem | 0.1 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | NS | NS | NS |
| Yes | 0.53 | (0.24–1.14) | 0.1 | NS | NS | NS |
| Chronic disease | 0.93 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 0.98 | (0.69–1.41) | 0.93 | – | – | – |
| Chronic use of medication | 0.72 | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 0.94 | (0.66–1.34) | 0.72 | – | – | – |
| Installation of slip prevention devices in bathroom | <0.001a | |||||
| None (reference) | 1 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Yes | 1.81 | (1.40–2.35) | <0.001a | 1.93 | 1.23–3.01 | <0.001 |
Remarks:
ORMV odds ratio of multivariate analysis (nonsignificant refers to p > 0.05 and those nonsignificant variables during univariate analysis were not include for the multivariate analysis and thus were denoted as –)
aLiving density = living area (square feet)/number of household members, MV: used p < 0.2 as candidate variable for MU regression analyses