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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Dec;97(6):1097–1114. doi: 10.1037/a0016786

Table 1. Five basic questions about the implications of trait standing for acting in the way described by the trait.

  1. Are there any implications of trait standing for trait manifestation in behavior at all?

  2. How strong are the implications for distributions of trait manifestation in behavior?

  3. How often and how far do individuals deviate from their trait standing in their behavior?

  4. Given at least some variability in individuals' behavior, what summary function across behaviors does the trait standing predict?

  5. Beyond the central prediction of a particular summary function, are there additional implications of trait standing for behavior?