Table 1.

Fit Statistics for All Models

Statistic	1 Class	2 Classes	3 Classes	4 Classes	5 Classes	6 Classes	7 Classes
HGLM
LL	−1676.73
# Parameters	11
BIC	3420.69
GMM: Int, Lin, Quadratica
LL		−1678.06	−1676.73b
# Parameters		12	16
Entropy		.27	—
BIC		3429.46	—
BLRT (p)		26.49 (.01)	—
LMR (p)		27.58 (< .01)	—
GMM: Int, Lineara
LL		−1678.34	−1670.10b
# Parameters		11	15
Entropy		.29	—
BIC		3423.90	—
BLRT (p)		29.09 (< .01)	—
LMR (p)		27.95 (.15)	—
GMM: Intercepta
LL		−1697.05	−1683.17	−1673.79	−1665.69b
# Parameters		10	14	18	22
Entropy		.34	.38	.52	—
BIC		3455.21	3451.91	3457.59	—
BLRT (p)		44.65 (< .01)	27.45 (< .01)	18.76 (< .01)	—
LMR (p)		42.89 (.04)	26.66 (.06)	18.03 (.14)	—
LCGA
LL		−1737.51	−1704.75	−1692.11	−1682.26	−1673.20	−1661.50
# Parameters		9	13	17	21	25	29
Entropy		.75	.69	.67	.68	.69	.72
BIC		3530.02	3488.94	3488.11	3492.85	3499.19	3500.23
BLRT (p)		437.63 (< .01)	65.52 (< .01)	25.28 (< .01)	19.71 (< .01)	18.11 (< .01)	23.41 (< .01)
LMR (p)		420.43 (< .01)	62.95 (< .01)	24.28 (.01)	18.93 (.12)	17.39 (.54)	22.49 (.01)
LLCA
LL		−1702.59	−1671.25	−1652.50	−1639.53	−1627.09	−1617.49c
# Parameters		31	47	63	79	95	111
Entropy		.81	.73	.79	.86	.79	—
BIC		3594.64	3629.74	3690.02	3761.87	3834.76	—
BLRT		481.94 (< .01)	62.68 (< .01)	37.50 (< .01)	25.94 (.31)	24.89 (.27)	—
LMR		477.06 (< .01)	62.05 (.95)	37.12 (.23)	25.67 (1.00)	24.64 (1.00)	—

Note. All models estimated with intercept, and linear and quadratic slopes. GMM = generalized linear growth mixture model, LCGA = generalized linear latent class growth analysis (all variances and covariances estimated), LLCA = longitudinal latent class analysis, BIC = Bayesian information criterion, BLRT = bootstrapped likelihood ratio test, LMR = Lo-Mendel-Rubin test. Underlined values indicate the best of a set of models for that statistic.

^aVariances that were estimated; all covariances constrained to zero

^bSingular information matrix

^cNo repeated loglikelihood