Table 3.

Univariate and Bivariate Standardized Residuals

Model	Value of Standardized Residual
Univariate (16 Cells)	2 – 3	3 – 4	4 – 5	Total
HGLM	1	0	0	1
GMM
Intercepta
2 Classes	0	0	0	0
3 Classes	1	0	0	1
Int, Linear Slopea
2 Classes	2	0	0	2
Int, Lin, Quadratic Slopesa
2 Classes	2	0	0	2
LCGA
3 Classes	0	0	0	0
4 Classes	0	0	0	0
LLCA
2 Classes	0	0	0	0
3 Classes	0	0	0	0
4 Classes	0	0	0	0
Model	Value of Standardized Residual
Bivariate (160 Cells)	2 – 3	3 – 4	4 – 5	Total
HGLM	6	0	1	7
GMM
Intercepta
2 Classes	13	3	0	16
3 Classes	6	4	0	10
Intercept, Lineara
2 Classes	14	4	0	18
Intercept, Linear, Quadratica
2 Classes	12	3	0	16
LCGA
3 Classes	11	0	1	12
4 Classes	8	0	1	9
LLCA
2 Classes	12	3	0	15
3 Classes	3	0	0	3
4 Classes	2	0	0	2

Note. All models estimated with intercept, and linear and quadratic slopes. GMM = generalized linear growth mixture model, LCGA = generalized linear latent class growth analysis (all variances and covariances estimated), LLCA = longitudinal latent class analysis,

^aVariances that were estimated; all covariances constrained to zero