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Features of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) syndromes, with those seen in seen in topiramate-induced RTA in bold
| Proximal (type 2) | Distal (type 1) | Study ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine pH during acidosis | <5.5 | >6.0 | [17] |
| Urinary HCO3− conc. | Increased | Normal | [17] |
| Fractional excretion of HCO3− | >15% | <5% | [17] |
| Urinary anion gap | Often negative | Positive | [20] |
| Urinary excretion of citrate | Normal | Low | [17, 22] |
| Urinary excretion of β2-microglobulin | Increased | Normal | [20] |
