Real-time polymerase chain reaction determined day 7 insulin (a) and vimentin (b) gene expression for PEG (white bars), PEGCol (0.25 mg/mL) (striped bars), PEGCol (0.5 mg/mL) (light gray bars), PEGCol (1 mg/mL) (dark gray bars), and 1 mg/mL collagen gels (black bars). All values are normalized to day 0. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared to PEG hydrogel values. %p < 0.05 compared to PEGCol (0.25 mg/mL) hydrogel values. ##p < 0.01 compared to PEGCol (0.5 mg/mL). &&p < 0.01 compared to PEGCol (1 mg/mL) hydrogel values. +p < 0.05 compared to all other conditions. (c–g) Confocal microscopy images of PEG, (c) PEGCol (0.25 mg/mL), (d) PEGCol (0.5 mg/mL), (e) PEGCol (1 mg/mL), (f) and collagen (g) gels stained with an antibody directed against collagen type 1 (red). Scale bar, 100 μm. (h, i) Confocal microscopy image of cells in a 1 mg/mL collagen gel after 7 days of culture stained with antibodies directed against vimentin (h) and insulin (i). A 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear counterstain was used. Scale bar, 10 μm. Color images available online at www.liebertonline.com/ten.