Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| HFNEF (n = 17) | Controls (n = 7) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (years) | 69 (63–74) | 65 (62–68) | 0.226 |
| Female/male (n) | 13/4 | 2/5 | 0.028 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.4 (26.8–32.3) | 26.3 (24.8–26.6) | 0.016 |
| Hypertension (%) | 94.1 | 57.1 | 0.027 |
| Diabetes (%) | 11.8 | 14.3 | 0.865 |
| CAD (%) | 5.9 | 0 | 0.512 |
| Symptoms | |||
| NYHA II (%) | 52.9 | 0 | <0.001 |
| NYHA III (%) | 47.1 | 0 | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 254 (128.5–499.8) | 41.5 (22–55) | 0.001 |
| Medication | |||
| ACE-inhibition/AT1-antagonist (%) | 76.5 | 42.9 | 0.112 |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 70.6 | 28.6 | 0.058 |
| Calcium channel blockers (%) | 41.2 | 14.3 | 0.204 |
| Diuretics (%) | 70.6 | 14.3 | 0.012 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| IVS (mm) | 12.0 (11.0–14.0) | 10.0 (8.0–10.0) | 0.001 |
| LVPW (mm) | 11.0 (10.0–12.0) | 10.0 (8.0–11.0) | 0.075 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 49.0 (47.0–50.8) | 47.0 (46–49) | 0.383 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 43 (41–48) | 38 (35–40) | 0.011 |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 120 (104–140) | 83 (67–94) | 0.008 |
| E/A ratio | 0.95 (0.86–1.20) | 1.23 (1.05–1.65) | 0.055 |
| EDCT (ms) | 253 (191–303) | 177 (160–190) | 0.011 |
| IVRT (ms) | 85 (73–107) | 91 (86–92) | 0.783 |
| E/Ea (septal) ratio | 13.9 (10.0–22.5) | 7.7 (6.5–9.6) | 0.005 |
| E/Ea (lateral) ratio | 11.5 (8.0–16.0) | 6.8 (4.7–7.9) | 0.001 |
| Spiroergometry (only in HFNEF) | |||
| Maximal performance (W) | 80 (70–100) | ||
| Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 12.5 (10.4–15.0) | ||
| VE/VCO2 slope | 33.5 (30.2–38.9) | ||
CAD, coronary artery disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; AT, angiotensin; IVS, interventricular septum diameter; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular enddiastolic diameter; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; E, transmitral early left ventricular diastolic filling velocity; A, transmitral late left ventricular diastolic filling velocity; EDCT, E deceleration time; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; Ea, mitral annular early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity; VO2, oxygen uptake; VE, ventilatory exchange; VCO2, carbon dioxide output.