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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Jul 21;57(9):1532–1539. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02394.x

Table 4.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimating the association between frailty (two indexes) and both overnight hospitalization and emergency room visits. Indicator (dummy) variables represent pre-frail and frail groups relative to robust.

Overnight Hospitalization
SOF Frailty Index (N=765) CHS Frailty Index (N=760)
Odds Ratio CI 95% P-value Odds Ratio CI 95% P-value
Unadjusted
Pre-frail 2.61 1.79-3.78 .0001 2.06 1.49-2.86 .0001
Frail 4.05 1.94-8.47 .0002 5.54 3.28-9.35 .0001
Adjusted
Pre-frail 2.64 1.74-4.01 .0001 1.97 1.37-2.84 .0003
Frail 3.49 1.53-7.98 .003 4.45 2.42-8.18 .0001
Emergency Room Visits
SOF Frailty Index (N=765) CHS Frailty Index (N=760)
Odds Ratio CI 95% P-value Odds Ratio CI 95% P-value
Unadjusted
Pre-frail 2.29 1.58-3.33 .0001 1.60 1.17-2.17 .003
Frail 4.56 2.02-10.33 .0003 4.82 2.78-8.35 .0001
Adjusted
Pre-frail 2.19 1.43-3.33 .0003 1.34 0.95-1.89 0.10
Frail 3.54 1.43-8.79 .006 3.10 1.64-5.86 .0005

SOF = Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (Ensrud et al., 2008)

CHS = Cardiovascular Health Study (Fried et al., 2001)

CI = confidence interval

Adjusted for age, gender, race, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, education and income.