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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Jul 21;57(9):1532–1539. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02394.x

Table 5.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimating the association between frailty (two indexes) and IADL disability. Indicator (dummy) variables represent pre-frail and frail groups relative to robust.

IADL Disability
SOF Frailty Index (N=765) CHS Frailty Index (N=760)
Odds Ratio CI 95% P-value Odds Ratio CI 95% P-value
Unadjusted
Pre-frail 3.66 2.44-5.49 .0001 3.62 2.37-5.53 .0001
Frail 7.32 3.51-15.25 .0001 11.75 6.68-20.67 .0001
Adjusted
Pre-frail 2.88 1.81-4.58 .0001 2.73 1.69-4.40 .0001
Frail 5.38 2.34-12.35 .0001 7.68 4.01-14.74 .0001

IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

SOF = Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (Ensrud et al., 2008)

CHS = Cardiovascular Health Study (Fried et al., 2001)

Disability = A lot of difficulty or an inability to do 1 or more instrumental activities of daily living

CI = confidence interval

Adjusted for age, gender, race, diabetes, stroke, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, education and income.