Table 2. Multivariate Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for Albuminuria by Type 2 Diabetes Status and Presence of Atherosclerosis, Adjusted for All Variables in the Table.
| Type 2 Diabetes | No Diabetes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marked Atherosclerosis 870 |
No Marked Atherosclerosis 1340 |
Marked Atherosclerosis 2032 |
No Marked Atherosclerosis 5871 |
|
| Risk Factor | ||||
| Demographic | ||||
| Age (per 5-y increase) | 1.14 (0.94 - 1.38) | 0.95 (0.80 - 1.13) | 1.11 (0.93 - 1.34) | 1.10 (0.97 - 1.25) |
| Male (v female) | 1.89 (1.26 - 2.85)** | 1.61 (1.08 - 2.40)* | 1.30 (0.84 - 1.99) | 0.81 (0.59 - 1.10) |
| African American (v white) | 1.16 (0.72 - 1.89) | 1.98 (1.30 - 3.01)** | 1.19 (0.75 - 1.91) | 1.69 (1.22 - 2.35)** |
| Prevalent Disease | ||||
| Prevalent CHD (yes v no) | 1.91 (1.28 - 2.84)** | 1.72 (1.14 - 2.57)** | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Hypertension Medication Use (yes v no) | 1.54 (0.95 - 2.47) | 1.70 (1.14 - 2.54)** | 2.33 (1.53 - 3.54)*** | 1.60 (1.21 - 2.12)** |
| JNC6 Blood Pressure (mmHg) Categories | ||||
| Optimal (reference) SBP<120 & DBP<80 |
1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Normal SBP 120-129 and DBP 80-84 |
0.97 (0.52 - 1.83) | 1.22 (0.71 - 2.11) | 1.57 (0.87 - 2.83) | 1.36 (0.89 - 2.08) |
| High Normal SBP 130-139 or DBP 85-89 |
1.58 (0.87 - 2.89) | 0.80 (0.43 - 1.47) | 1.87 (1.01 - 3.46)* | 2.71 (1.82 - 4.03)*** |
| Stage 1 Hypertension SBP 140-159 or DBP 90-99 |
2.53 (1.47 - 4.35)** | 1.96 (1.17 - 3.29)* | 3.07 (1.77 - 5.31)*** | 2.42 (1.60 - 3.64)*** |
| Stage 2 Hypertension SBP 160-179 or DBP 100-109 |
2.93 (1.46 - 5.90)** | 4.40 (2.30 - 8.40)*** | 4.71 (2.46 - 9.03)*** | 6.79 (4.17 - 11.07)*** |
| Stage 3 Hypertension SBP >=180 or DBP >=110 |
2.34 (0.65 - 8.48) | 5.33 (1.80 - 15.78)** | 7.40 (2.75 - 19.90)*** | 29.31 (12.57 - 68.31)*** |
| Diabetes-Related Characteristics | ||||
| Body mass index, (per 1-unit increase, kg/m2) | 1.02 (0.99 - 1.06) | 1.01 (0.97 - 1.04) | 0.96 (0.92 - 1.00)* | 0.95 (0.93 - 0.98)** |
| Fasting Glucose (per 10 mg/dL increase) | 1.06 (1.02 - 1.10)** | 1.05 (1.02 - 1.09)** | 1.07 (0.86 - 1.31) | 1.12 (0.95 - 1.31) |
| Insulin (per 10 μU/mL increase) | 1.11 (1.00 - 1.24) | 1.22 (1.09 - 1.38)** | 1.03 (0.84 - 1.27) | 1.17 (0.95 - 1.43) |
| Lipid Profiles | ||||
| Loge (Triglycerides, mg/dL) (per unit increase) | 1.72 (1.05 - 2.81)* | 1.46 (0.96 - 2.22) | 0.81 (0.51 - 1.29) | 1.09 (0.78 - 1.52) |
| HDL Cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL increase) | 1.12 (0.96 - 1.31) | 1.13 (0.98 - 1.31) | 1.09 (0.96 - 1.24) | 0.96 (0.87 - 1.06) |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | ||||
| High Normal (≥120) | 1.22 (0.47 - 3.17) | 1.55 (0.70 - 3.45) | 1.12 (0.40 - 3.14) | 0.75 (0.29 - 1.97) |
| Normal (90 - 119, reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mildly Decreased (60 - 89) | 0.73 (0.47 - 1.15) | 1.22 (0.81 - 1.84) | 0.93 (0.59 - 1.44) | 0.80 (0.60 - 1.09) |
| Moderately/Severly Decreased (<60) | 2.29 (1.34 - 3.91)** | 6.19 (3.39 - 11.28)*** | 3.81 (2.27 - 6.41)*** | 2.46 (1.59 - 3.80)*** |
| Lifestyle Characteristics | ||||
| Current Smoking (yes v no) | 2.19 (1.33 - 3.60)** | 2.43 (1.48 - 3.99)*** | 3.22 (2.11 - 4.92)*** | 1.92 (1.37 - 2.68)*** |
*
P< 0.05;
**
P<0.01;
***
P<0.001