Table 4. Effects of Layoffs and Plant Closings on Depression, 1992-2000, Generalized Estimating Equations Models: By Sex.
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 5 | Model 7 | Model 6 | Model 8 | |
| Layoff | 0.213 * (2.09) |
0.207 * (2.04) |
0.041 (0.35) |
0.044 (0.37) |
| Plant Closing | 0.158 (1.11) |
0.147 (1.03) |
0.277 † (1.68) |
0.273 † (1.65) |
| Depression (Baseline) | 0.556 *** (25.14) |
0.547 *** (24.63) |
0.520 *** (26.24) |
0.515 *** (25.94) |
| Non-White | -0.008 (0.17) |
-0.017 (0.36) |
0.175 ** (3.34) |
0.170 ** (3.20) |
| High School or More | -0.249 *** (4.83) |
-0.243 *** (4.68) |
-0.272 *** (4.15) |
-0.273 *** (4.15) |
| Some College or More | -0.111 ** (2.79) |
-0.102 * (2.54) |
-0.154 *** (3.89) |
-0.146 *** (3.64) |
| Married/Partnered | -0.238 *** (4.33) |
-0.236 *** (4.27) |
-0.073 † (1.73) |
-0.064 (1.49) |
| White-Collar Occupation | -0.032 (0.81) |
-0.017 (0.42) |
-0.221 ** (2.96) |
-0.221 ** (2.95) |
| Employer Tenure | -0.006 *** (4.30) |
-0.006 *** (4.01) |
-0.008 ** (3.48) |
-0.008 ** (3.41) |
| Fulltime Worker | 0.207 *** (3.54) |
0.196 ** (3.33) |
0.260 *** (4.54) |
0.254 *** (4.39) |
| Physical Health | -0.264 *** (6.25) |
-0.260 *** (6.18) |
-0.247 *** (5.24) |
-0.244 *** (5.11) |
| Num. Health Conditions | 0.076 *** (3.87) |
0.075 *** (3.80) |
0.119 *** (5.44) |
0.119 *** (5.42) |
| Post-Spell Non-Employment | 0.245 *** (4.67) |
0.250 *** (4.76) |
0.150 ** (2.81) |
0.152 ** (2.85) |
| Pre-Spell Wealth | --- | -0.0021 *** (4.72) |
--- | -0.0009 (1.04) |
| Pre- to Post-Spell Wealth Change | --- | -0.0002 (0.47) |
--- | -0.0004 (0.72) |
| Spell | -0.008 (0.39) |
-0.001 (0.05) |
0.007 (0.27) |
0.009 (0.38) |
| Constant | 0.980 *** (9.60) |
0.987 *** (9.67) |
1.105 *** (9.89) |
1.110 *** (9.92) |
| Wald χ2 | 1422.17 | 1414.62 | 1557.02 | 1535.49 |
| Number of Observations | 5766 | 5766 | 6315 | 6315 |
| Number of Groups | 2188 | 2188 | 2283 | 2283 |
Notes: Numbers in parentheses are t-ratios. Layoff and plant closing indicate a worker lost a job between 1992-94, 1994-96, 1996-98, or 1998-2000. All other independent variables as well as the mediating wealth variable indicate pre-spell characteristics (1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998). Mediating variable post-spell non-employment and the depression outcome indicate post-spell status (1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000).
†
p<.10
*
p <. 05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001 (two-tailed tests)