Table 4.
HRs and 95% CIs of Angiogenesis Biomarkers to Predict Time to Lethal Prostate Cancer: HPFS Prostatectomy Cohort, 1986 to 2007
| Biomarker and Quartile | What Is More Angiogenic? | No. of Deaths/Metastases | HR* | 95% CI | HR† | 95% CI | HR‡ | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microvessel density | ||||||||
| Q4 greater | Greater No. | 10 | 1.7 | 0.7 to 4.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 to 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 to 2.6 |
| Q3 | 16 | 2.4 | 1.0 to 5.6 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.5 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.7 | |
| Q2 | 10 | 1.4 | 0.5 to 3.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 to 2.3 | |
| Q1-fewer | 8 | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| P, test for trend | .25 | .94 | .92 | |||||
| Vessel area | ||||||||
| Q1 smaller area | Smaller area | 23 | 6.6 | 2.0 to 21.9 | 4.3 | 1.3 to 14.7 | 4.0 | 1.2 to 13.3 |
| Q2 | 13 | 3.5 | 1.0 to 12.4 | 3.0 | 0.9 to 10.8 | 3.2 | 0.9 to 11.4 | |
| Q3 | 5 | 1.6 | 0.4 to 6.7 | 1.3 | 0.3 to 5.6 | 1.5 | 0.4 to 6.4 | |
| Q4-larger area | 3 | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| P, test for trend | .0003 | .0035 | .0083 | |||||
| Vessel diameter | ||||||||
| Q1 smaller diameter | Smaller diameter | 22 | 6.0 | 1.8 to 20.0 | 3.9 | 1.1 to 13.2 | 3.6 | 1.1 to 12.1 |
| Q2 | 11 | 2.9 | 0.8 to 10.3 | 2.1 | 0.6 to 7.7 | 2.3 | 0.6 to 8.2 | |
| Q3 | 8 | 2.6 | 0.7 to 9.7 | 1.9 | 0.5 to 7.4 | 2.1 | 0.6 to 8.0 | |
| Q4-larger diameter | 3 | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| P, test for trend | .0011 | .013 | .024 | |||||
| Regularity of vessels | ||||||||
| Q4 less regular | Irregular shape | 22 | 17.1 | 2.3 to 128 | 13.1 | 1.8 to 97.4 | 10.9 | 1.5 to 81.4 |
| Q3 | 14 | 11.4 | 1.5 to 87.5 | 10.2 | 1.3 to 77.6 | 10.1 | 1.3 to 77.6 | |
| Q2 | 7 | 6.5 | 0.8 to 52.5 | 5.4 | 0.7 to 43.9 | 5.6 | 0.7 to 45.4 | |
| Q1 more regular | 1 | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| P, test for trend | .0001 | .0007 | .0038 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; REF, reference.
*
Hazard ratios adjusted for age at diagnosis.
†
Hazard ratios adjusted for age at diagnosis (continuous) and Gleason grade (categorically, 2 to 6, 7, 8 to 10).
‡
Hazard ratios adjusted for age at diagnosis (continuous), Gleason grade (categorically, 2 to 6, 7, 8 to 10), and prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis (categorically, < 4, 4.1 to 10, > 10).