Knockdown of p47phox gene in smooth muscle cells by short hairpin RNA (shRNA). A: blots of protein extracts from untransfected smooth muscle cells and cells transfected with plasmids encoding luciferase (Luc) shRNA, p47phox shRNA 1, p47phox shRNA 2, or p47phox shRNA 1 and 2 were probed with antibodies against p47phox and α-actin. The level of p47phox protein was lower in cells producing p47phox shRNAs than in untransfected cells and in cells expressing luciferase shRNA. However, the amount of α-actin was similar in all five treatments. B: ratios of p47phox over α-actin in cells producing various shRNAs were normalized to ratios obtained in untransfected cells. Values are means ± SE (n = 4). Significantly lower protein ratios in cells producing p47phox shRNA 2 or p47phox shRNA 1 and 2 compared with protein ratios in untransfected cells or in cells expressing luciferase shRNA (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).