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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2009 Dec;22(4):501–507. doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2009.08.003

Table 2. Multiple determinants of HDAC inhibitor-mediated lethality.

  • Reactive oxygen species generation

  • Bid activation

  • Downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (BCL-XL, XIAP)

  • Upregulation of proapoptotic genes (BAX, BAK, BIM)

  • Induction of death receptors (DR4, DR5), FAS, TRAIL

  • Proteasome inhibition

  • Induction of p21CIP1

  • Interference with Hsp90 function

  • Acetylation of Ku70; release of BAX

  • Disruption of G2 and mitotic checkpoints

  • Activation of stress-related kinase (JNK)

  • Inactivation of cytoprotective pathways (Raf/MEK/ERK, AKT, BCR/ABL)

  • NF-κB activation/acetylation

  • Ceramide generation