TABLE 3.
Cholesterol metabolism and lipid concentrations in response to 3 levels of phytosterol intake1
| Phytosterol intake |
|||
| 59 mg/d (control) | 459 mg/d (moderate) | 2059 mg/d (high) | |
| Cholesterol absorption | |||
| Percentage cholesterol absorbed (%) | 69.9 ± 2.1 | 62.8 ± 2.12 | 52.7 ± 2.123 |
| Dietary cholesterol absorbed (mg/d) | 139 ± 8 | 121 ± 84 | 105 ± 825 |
| Biliary cholesterol absorbed (mg/d) | 1418 ± 167 | 1390 ± 167 | 1244 ± 167 |
| Plasma sterol ratios | |||
| Phytosterols/total cholesterol (μg/mg) | 7.4 ± 1.3 | 14.1 ± 1.32 | 25.8 ± 1.323 |
| Cholestanol/total cholesterol (μg/mg)6 | 1.09 ± 0.08 | 0.95 ± 0.082 | 0.85 ± 0.0825 |
| Lathosterol/total cholesterol (μg/mg)7 | 1.22 ± 0.13 | 1.51 ± 0.142 | 1.71 ± 0.1423 |
| Serum lipid concentrations | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 211 ± 6 | 204 ± 6 | 198 ± 62 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 139 ± 4 | 132 ± 4 | 126 ± 42 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50 ± 3 | 50 ± 3 | 51 ± 3 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 112 ± 9 | 112 ± 9 | 104 ± 9 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 161 ± 5 | 154 ± 5 | 146 ± 52 |
| LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol | 2.92 ± 0.16 | 2.75 ± 0.164 | 2.58 ± 0.1625 |
1
All values are means ± SEMs; n = 18 subjects.
2,4
Significantly different from control [PROC MIXED (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) with Tukey adjustment]: 2P < 0.01, 4P < 0.05.
3,5
Significantly different from moderate (459 mg/d) phytosterol intake (PROC MIXED with Tukey adjustment): 3P < 0.01, 5P < 0.05.
6
Cholestanol/total cholesterol ratio is an indicator of cholesterol absorption.
7
Lathosterol/total cholesterol ratio is an indicator of cholesterol biosynthesis.