Fig. 2.
A: immunoreactivity of the AGE, carboxymethyllysine (CML) in the cortex (top and middle) and hippocampus (bottom) of intact, ovariectomized (OVX), and E2-treated OVX (OVE) diabetic females. Scale bars (representative of the entire row) = 100 μm (top and bottom) and 25 μm (middle). B: analysis of the relative expression of CML in the cerebral cortex of intact (n = 7), OVX (n = 6), and OVE (n = 6) diabetic females (represented by A, top). Results are presented as the percentage of the viewed cortical area expressing immunoreactivity. C: RAGE mRNA expression in brain tissue samples harvested from the cerebral cortical surface of intact, OVX, and OVE diabetic females (n = 3 in each group). Relative mRNA expression values were obtained via real-time PCR, using β-actin as an internal control. In each sample analyzed, the takeoff points (CT) were obtained for RAGE and β-actin. Relative mRNA expression was calculated using the 2−ΔΔCT method (15). For B and C, values are means ± SE. *P < 0.05 vs. OVX; †P < 0.05 vs. intact.