Table 4.

Chronic disease management quality of care and intermediate outcomes: Differences (D1 and D2) were calculated for individual patients with data available at baseline and at the end of the study; the difference between D1 and D2 represents the effect of the intervention. P values were calculated using student t tests.

	APTCARE			CONTROL			OUTCOME
MEASURE	N	BASELINE	DIFFERENCE (D1)	N	BASELINE	DIFFERENCE (D2)	D1 - D2 (95% CI)	P VALUE
Quality of care–chronic disease, proportion of patients	74	0.741	0.098	78	0.764	0.008	0.091 (0.037 to 0.144)	.0013
Diabetes, proportion of patients	40	0.722	0.144	39	0.708	0.013	0.131(0.036 to 0.226)	.0074
• ACE inhibitor or ARB		0.875	0.050		0.718	0.077	−0.027
• HbA1c measured ≥ 2 in past y		0.600	0.225		0.539	0.102	0.123
• Feet examination		0.750	0.200		0.923	−0.077	0.277
• Eye examination		0.525	0.200		0.513	−0.051	0.251
CAD, proportion of patients	31	0.796	0.075	40	0.817	0.025	0.050 (−0.008 to 0.109)	.090
• Aspirin		0.742	0.193		0.900	0.000	0.193
• β-blocker		0.710	0.032		0.750	0.025	0.007
• Statin		0.935	0.000		0.800	0.050	−0.050
COPD, proportion of patients	22	0.731	0.080	20	0.725	0.017	0.063 (−0.058 to 0.183)	.30
• Influenza immunization		0.909	−0.091		0.850	0.000	−0.091
• Pneumococcal vaccine		0.636	0.182		0.750	0.100	0.082
• Bronchodilators		0.636	0.136		0.550	0.000	0.136
CHF, proportion of patients	9	0.667	0.000	11	0.727	0.000	0.000	-
• ACE inhibitor or ARB		0.889	0.000		0.818	0.000	0.000
• β-blocker		0.444	0.000		0.636	0.000	0.000
Intermediate outcomes
Diabetes
• Mean HbA1c, %	36	7.16	−0.15	36	6.74	0.04	−0.04 (−0.09 to 0.02)	.19
Hypertension
• Mean systolic BP, mm Hg	87	127	−2.74	80	126	−1.81	−0.93 (−5.79 to 3.92)	.70
• Mean diastolic BP, mm Hg	87	72	−3.67	79	72	−0.37	−3.30 (−6.88 to 0.28)	.071

ACE–angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB–angiotensin receptor blocker, BP–blood pressure, CAD–coronary artery disease, CHF–congestive heart failure, CI–confidence interval, COPD–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.