Fig. 1.
A simplified starch synthesis system in cereal. Eighteen genes are involved in or play distinct roles in different steps of starch synthesis. AGP, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; AGPlar, AGP large subunit; AGPiso, AGP large subunit isoform; AGPsma, AGP small subunit; GBSS, granule-bound starch synthase; SS, soluble starch synthase; SBE, starch branching enzyme; ISA, isoamylase; PUL, pullulanase; ISA and PUL belong to starch debranching enzyme (DBE).