Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Longitudinal Study Subjectsa
| FESZ Group (n=17) | FEAFF Group (n=18) | HC Group (n=18) | Statistical Analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F or t Testb | dfc | P Value | ||||
| Age, mean (SD [range]), y | 24.6 (8.5) [18-40] | 22.4 (3.9) [18-30] | 23.4 (5.7) [18-34] | 1.2 | 2, 50 | .31 |
| Time between scans, mo | 17.8 (11.6) | 18.3 (9.3) | 21.2 (16.1) | 0.5 | 2, 50 | .59 |
| Sex, No. M/Fd | 14/3 | 15/3 | 15/3 | |||
| Handednesse | 0.83 (0.1) | 0.73 (0.2) | 0.81 (0.2) | 2.1 | 2, 49 | .14 |
| SESf | 3.2 (1.4) | 3.0 (1.5) | 2.1 (1.2) | 3.7 | 2, 49 | .03g |
| Parental SESf | 2.0 (0.6) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.4 | 2, 49 | .25 |
| Years of education | 13.7 (2.1) | 13.9 (2.4) | 15.3 (1.8) | 3.1 | 2, 49 | .05 |
| WAIS-R Information, scaled baseline | 11.8 (3.0) | 13.1 (2.3) | 13.1 (2.2) | 1.4 | 2, 49 | .27 |
| WAIS-R Digit Span, scaled baseline | 9.7 (2.0) | 10.5 (2.3) | 11.7 (3.1) | 3.0 | 2, 49 | .06 |
| MMSE | ||||||
| Baseline scan | 27.7 (2.7) | 28.7 (1.5) | 28.9 (0.9) | 2.5 | 2, 49 | .10 |
| Second scan | 27.9 (1.0) | 28.7 (1.2) | 27.8 (2.6) | 2.0 | 2, 49 | .15 |
| BPRSh | ||||||
| Baseline scan | 41.2 (13.6) | 34.5 (8.6) | NA | 1.7 | 32 | .10 |
| Second scan | 34.7 (14.0) | 29.8 (15.0) | NA | 1.0 | 32 | .34 |
| GASh | ||||||
| Baseline scan | 36.9 (7.8) | 41.1 (8.1) | NA | 1.5 | 32 | .14 |
| Second scan | 49.0 (16.2) | 49.4 (18.6) | NA | 0.1 | 31 | .96 |
| Medication dosage at baseline, CPZ equivh | 259.1 (204.5) | 197.4 (133.8) | NA | 1.1 | 33 | .31 |
| Duration of antipsychotic medication before baseline scan, median (range), wk | 3 (0-24) | 2 (0-13) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Medication use, No. of patients | ||||||
| Neuroleptics, TYP/ATYP/overlap | ||||||
| At baseline scan | 8/12/5i | 7/11/1 | NA | |||
| At second scan | 2/13/2 | 1/9/1 | NA | |||
| Mood stabilizer, lithiumj/VPA/overlap | ||||||
| At baseline scan | 1/2/0 | 6/7/1 | NA | |||
| At second scan | 3/3/0 | 5/6/0 | NA | |||
Abbreviations: ATYP, atypical neuroleptics; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CPZ equiv, chlorpromazine equivalent; FEAFF, first-episode affective psychosis; FESZ, first-episode schizophrenia; GAS, Global Assessment Scale; HC, healthy control; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NA, data not applicable; SES, socioeconomic status; TYP, typical neuroleptics; VPA, valproic acid; WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised.
Of 18 patients with FEAFF, 17 had bipolar disorder and were in a manic phase, and 1 had major depression. Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as mean (SD).
The F tests (1-way analysis of variance) were performed among FESZ, FEAFF, and HC groups for age, time between magnetic resonance imaging scans, handedness, SES, parental SES, WAIS-R Information and Digit Span scaled scores, and MMSE scores. The t tests were performed between FESZ and FEAFF groups for BPRS scores, GAS, duration of illness, and medication dosage.
The degrees of freedom differ among variables owing to unavailability of data in some participants.
χ2 Test (F2=0.01; P=.99) showed no difference in sex ratio among the 3 groups.
Evaluated using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory as ([right hand-left hand]×100)/(right hand+left hand); scores >0 indicate right-handedness.
Higher numbers represent lower SES, based on the Hollingshead 2-factor index of SES. The FESZ group showed a significantly lower SES than the HC group (Tukey Honestly Significant Difference [HSD] test, P=.037).
P<.05.
The t tests were performed between 2 groups.
Neuroleptic type was unknown for 1 patient with FESZ owing to inclusion in an independent double-blind medication trial.
Indicates lithium carbonate.