Table 2.
Selected Reported Series of Medication Errors
| Report | Year of Study | Patient Population | ME | ME Detection | ME Error Rate (%) | Types of Medications | Most Frequent ME | Systems for Interception | ADE/ME (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bates et al12 | 1995 | Adult | A + I | CR, IR (P) | 5.3 | All | O/T | NS | 0.9 |
| Marino et al34 | 1995 | Adult/Peds | A + I | CR, IR | 6.5 | All | O/T | Yes | |
| Kaushal et al35 | 1999 | Adult/Peds | A + I | CR, IR (N, P, C) | 5.7 | All | O/T | Yes | 0.24 |
| Gandhi et al36 | 2000 | Adult | A + I | CR, IR (C) | 3.0 | All | O/T | Yes | |
| Gandhi et al36 | 2000 | Adult | A + I | CR, IR (C) | 4 | Chemo | O/T | Yes | |
| Marino et al34 | 1995 | Adult/Peds | A | CR, IR | 0.15 | All | NS | Yes | |
| Womer et al25 | 2000 | Peds | A | IR (P), IR | 0.1 | Chemo | NS | Yes |
Abbreviations: ME, medication error; ADE, adverse drug event; A, medication administration error; I, intercepted ME; Peds, pediatric; CR, chart review; IR, incidence reports; N, nurses; P, pharmacists; C, clinicians; Chemo, chemotherapy; O/T, ordering/transcribing; NS: not stated.