Xylella fastidiosa phenotypic differences in four different media. (A) Bacterial growth curves in liquid media. (B) Populations of planktonic versus glass-attached cells grown in vitro; bars with the same letter are not different from each other within media treatments (t test, P < 0.05). (C) Biofilm formation at air/broth interface in different media (indicated by arrow). (D) EPS production quantified immunologically in four media (filled bars, unwashed cells; empty bars, washed cells), asterisks (P < 0.05 for one, P < 0.001 for two) indicate within-media differences; bars with the same letter are not different from each other within wash treatments. (E) Visual aspect of bacterial lawns on solid media; glossy phenotype likely associated with EPS production. (F) Immunological detection of Hxfs in 10-fold dilution series of cells grown in the four different media (a, PWG; b, XFM; c, XFM-glucan; d, XFM-pectin).