Table 2.

Hierarchical variance components for the functional traits of the deciduous species at evergreen broadleaved forest of Gongga Mountain (ANOVA type I sums of squares, converted to percentages at each level)

Component	Species	Individuals within species	Twigs within individuals
Twig mass	62·4	24·4	13·2
Stem mass	59·3	24·3	16·4
Total leaf area	60·9	25·5	13·6
Total leaf mass	62·2	24·2	13·6

All data were log transformed prior to analysis. The residual variance is assumed to be the variance between twigs.