Table 2.
Associations between 25(OH)D levels and incident ESRD in 13,328 participants of NHANES III overall and in patient subgroups
| Parameter | 25(OH)D Levels (ng/ml; IRR [95% CI]) |
P (Interaction) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥15(n = 11,238) | <15(n = 2090) | ||
| IRR | |||
| overall | 1.00 (reference) | 2.64 (1.00 to 7.05) | |
| age | 0.03 | ||
| <65 (10,259/27/15) | 1.00 (reference) | 3.20 (1.02 to 10.04) | |
| ≥65 (3069/17/6) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.32 (0.26 to 6.53) | |
| gender | 0.07 | ||
| male (6275/30/8) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.64 (0.24 to 1.71) | |
| female (7053/14/13) | 1.00 (reference) | 5.67 (1.57 to 20.57) | |
| race | |||
| non-Hispanic white (5696/8/3) | 1.00 (reference) | 3.71 (1.06 to 12.95) | |
| non-Hispanic black (3.595/21/9) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.17 (0.43 to 3.17) | 0.06 |
| Mexican American (3,510/13/9) | 1.00 (reference) | 5.26 (2.20 to 12.55) | 0.99 |
| other (527/2/0) | 1.00 (reference) | a | |
| baseline eGFR | 0.25 | ||
| ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (12,587/17/8) | 1.00 (reference) | 5.24 (0.84 to 32.77) | |
| <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (741/27/13) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.49 (0.58 to 3.90) | |
| IRRs (per 1,000,000 person-years) | |||
| race | |||
| non-Hispanic white | 153 (48 to 238) | 1139 (0 to 2121) | |
| non-Hispanic black | 698 (439 to 904) | 929 (145 to 1491) | |
| Mexican American | 207 (101 to 283) | 1574 (387 to 2416) | |
Numbers after subgroups represent total N/events in ≥15 ng/ml/events in <15 ng/ml. Results are adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, season, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, HDL cholesterol, baseline eGFR < or >60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, serum albumin, log urinary ACR, log CRP, physical activity level, vitamin D supplementation, and low SES except in specific subgroup models, the subgroup categorical variable is not included in the model.
aNumbers too small to yield valid estimates.