Fig. 1a,b.

Percutaneous cholangiograms in a 67-year-old man with hilar bile duct carcinoma (Bismuth IV). a Before radiation therapy, cholangiogram shows complete obstruction of the bile duct at the bilateral hepatic duct and upper common bile duct. b After radiation therapy (external beam irradiation 44 Gy and intraluminal irradiation 15 Gy), the bilateral hepatic duct and upper common bile duct wall is smooth, and passage is good