Figure 1. Maps of Taiwanese townships by urbanisation level, 2000.

(A) urbanisation levels 1–7; (B) urban (levels 1–3) versus rural (levels 4–7). Five cities are highlighted, including four cities located in the centres of three major metropolitan areas in the north (the capital Taipei city), middle (Taichung city), and south (Tainan and Kaohsiung cities) and one major city in the east (Hualien city).