Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 16.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan 15;55(2):131–140. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.07.009

Table 1.

Subject Characteristics and Test Scores

Patients with Schizophrenia (n = 17) Patients with Affective Psychosis (n = 17) Normal Controls (n = 17) F df p
Age (range) 22.9 ± 3.7 (18 –29) 22.6 ± 3.9 (18 –30) 22.2 ± 3.2 (18 –27) .141 2,48 .869
Male/Female 15/2 15/2 15/2
Handednessa .8 ± .2 .7 ± .2 .8 ± .2 .634 2,47 .535
SESb 3.5 ± 1.2c 2.9 ± 1.4 2.1 ± .7 6.972 2,48 .002
Parental SES 2.1 ± 1.1 1.8 ± .8 1.6 ± .9 .843 2,48 .437
Mini-Mental 27.9 ± 2.9 28.6 ± 1.8 28.9 ± 1.3 1.008 2,46 .373
WAIS-R Informationd 10.9 ± 3.3 11.6 ± 3.5 13.1 ± 2.8 2.035 2,46 .142
WAIS-R Digits—Forwarde 8.6 ± 2.3 8.4 ± 2.4 9.4 ± 2.4 .868 2,46 .426
WAIS-R Digits—Backward 7.1 ± 2.6 6.8 ± 2.2 8.6 ± 2.4 2.520 2,46 .091
WAIS-R Digits—Total 10.1 ± 2.5 9.7 ± 2.8 10.8 ± 2.2 .733 2,46 .486
GASf 36.7 ± 9.9 41.2 ± 17.1 .889 1,31 .353
Age First Medicated 22.5 ± 3.8 22.3 ± 3.8 .019 1,32 .893
Median Duration of Medication, Days (range) 15 (0 –765) 10 (0 –549)
Medication (CPZ Equiv.)g 327 ± 434 230 ± 193 .695 1,32 .411
BPRS totalh 37.8 ± 11.5 37.4 ± 12.2 .009 1,31 .924

Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by a one-factor analysis of variance.

a

Handedness was assessed by the modified Oldfield Inventory (Oldfield 1971).

b

Socioeconomic status (SES) and parental SES were assessed using the Hollingshead Two-Factor measure (Hollingshead 1965). Higher scores indicate lower SES.

c

Post hoc Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test showed significant difference (p < .05) between patients with schizophrenia and normal control subjects.

d

The Information Subscale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS-R) was used as a gross estimate of general fund of information, scaled scores (Wecshler 1981).

e

The digits-forward and digits-backward subscales of the WAIS-R were used to evaluate immediate and short-term memory, attention, and concentration. Digits total, scaled scores.

f

Overall functioning was evaluated using the Global Assessment Scale (GAS; Endicott et al 1976).

g

Differences between Hirayasu et al (2001) medication means and the means reported here are due to newly available equivalence factors for atypical antipsychotics. CPZ Equiv, chlorpromazine equivalent.

h

The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scales (BPRS; Overall and Gorham 1962), used to evaluate psychotic features in six first-episode schizophrenia patients and in four affective psychosis patients. BPRS scores were calculated from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; Kay et al 1986).

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure