The log TIMP-1 levels, adjusted for age and gender, significantly increased with increasing NYHA classification. Both systolic and diastolic heart failure patients were included in this study. Controls: n = 74; NYHA I, II, III and IV: n = 35, 94, 98 and 22, respectively; p < 0.001.
NYHA: New York Heart Association; TIMP: Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase.
Adapted from [28].