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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomark Med. 2009 Oct 1;3(5):513–523. doi: 10.2217/bmm.09.60

Figure 4. Hazard ratios for major adverse cardiac events for circulating levels of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases.

Figure 4

TNF, TNFRI, TNFRII and IL-6 levels were independent predictors of patient mortality and new-onset heart failure following a myocardial infarction (n = 184; p < 0.001). Similarly, TIMP-1 levels were an independent predictor of heart failure following a myocardial infarction (n = 404; p < 0.001). Furthermore, MMP-3 levels were independent predictors of cardiac death or hospitalization in patients with systolic heart failure (n = 71; p < 0.0001). Each hazard ratio is presented as mean ± 95% CI.

MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP: Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase; TNFR: TNF receptor.

Adapted from [39,42,59].