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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Dec 16.
Published in final edited form as: Biomed Mater. 2008 Aug 15;3(3):034006. doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034006

Table 1.

Types of Percutaneous Implants

Type Epithelium Anchored Anchor Tissue Animal
Tooth gingival mucosa/
junctional epithelium
yes bone many
Antler epidermis yes bone cervidae
Intramedullary epidermis yes bone many
Urethral mucosa no urethra many
Skin (many)* epidermis may be subcut. tissue many
*

e.g., intravascular, glucose sensor, external ventricular assist)