Table 2.

Comparison of 22q11DS and control group on gray matter volumes (mm³) with age, sex and intracranial volume as covariates

Brain Region	22q11DS group		Control Group		F-value	Effect Size (η2)
	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)
Anterior cingulate L	5575.4	(614.5)	5840.7	(581.1)	1.56	0.035
Anterior cingulate R	5209.9	(623.6)	5701.0	(634.6)	6.79*	0.100
Middle cingulate L	7501.0	(773.3)	8108.6	(827.3)	6.40*	0.135
Middle cingulate R	8769.3	(865.8)	9670.3	(978.2)	10.43**	0.193
Posterior cingulate L	1237.0	(148.5)	1463.9	(233.3)	13.61***	0.282
Posterior cingulate R	599.8	(94.8)	772.9	(153.9)	17.16***	0.338
Amygdala L	778.2	(85.6)	786.3	(117.1)	0.15	0.003
Amygdala R	1013.0	(85.4)	1004.3	(98.2)	0.06	0.001
Caudate nucleus L	3142.7	(439.5)	3393.6	(543.8)	3.06	0.075
Caudate nucleus R	3346.2	(470.3)	3414.1	(524.4)	0.45	0.011
Fusiform L	8942.6	(1119.8)	9524.4	(958.5)	6.05*	0.098
Fusiform R	9052.8	(1187.5)	9533.9	(1068.0)	2.51	0.024
Pallidum L	653.5	(136.5)	727.9	(131.7)	3.49	0.090
Pallidum R	784.4	(153.7)	841.4	(157.7)	2.30	0.058
Subthalamus L	16.3	(5.5)	11.6	(4.8)	5.91*	0.146
Subthalamus R	11.1	(4.9)	10.5	(3.4)	0.13	0.004
Substantia nigra L	23.4	(11.8)	35.2	(9.5)	15.05***	0.292
Substantia nigra R	20.9	(11.3)	33.5	(10.3)	16.76***	0.303
Brodmanns’ area L 9	4465.7	(644.7)	4901.1	(828)	4.34*	0.109
Brodmann’s area R 9	4928.0	(580.5)	4639.7	(734.8)	3.84	0.093
Cerebellum L	48591.7	(5716.7)	52967.2	(6628.5)	8.58**	0.141
Cerebellum R	48813.6	(5981.3)	54645.4	(6172.5)	12.25**	0.143

Medium and large effect sizes (η²) are bolded

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001

Note: corrections for multiple testing were not applied here because these areas were significant at FDR-corrected p<0.05.