The effects of 100 μM PAS, with and without 100 μM PAS, with and without 100 μM Mn, on the actions of manganese on beating rates of lateral cilia in response to high frequency stimulations (20 Hz, 10V, and 2 ms duration for 10 min) to the branchial nerve. The cilia were activated with 10−5 M HT prior to applying stimulations. N=5 for each treatment. Statistical analysis was determined by a two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test, ap<0.0l for comparison of before and after stimulations.