Table II.
Univariate logistic regression of birth characteristics of children with any cancer and specified cancer subtypesa
| Total cases (n= 2500†) | Total leukemia (n= 899) | ALLa (n=717) | AMLa (n=120) | CNSa (n= 430) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Maleb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 0.79 (0.73–0.87) | 0.77 (0.67–0.88) | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) | 0.69 (0.48–0.99) | 0.77 (0.63–0.93) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Whiteb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Black | 0.64 (0.55–0.75) | 0.54 (0.41–0.72) | 0.35 (0.24–0.50) | 1.41 (0.81–2.45) | 0.71 (0.52–0.98) |
| Hispanic | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 1.0 (0.85–1.17) | 1.09 (0.73–1.63) | 0.60 (0.49–0.75) |
| Other | 0.66 (0.49–0.87) | 0.74 (0.47–1.16) | 0.68 (0.41–1.13) | 1.53 (0.60–3.88) | 0.24 (0.09– 0.64) |
| Maternal age (years) | |||||
| Continuous (unit = 1 year) | 1.01 (1.01– 1.02) | 1.02 (1.01– 1.03) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 1.00 (0.98– 1.01) |
| Categorical | |||||
| < 35b | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 35 | 1.18 (1.03– 1.36) | 1.35 (1.10– 1.67) | 1.22 (0.96– 1.55) | 2.55 (1.64– 3.98) | 0.91 (0.65– 1.29) |
| ≥ 35c | 1.15 (1.00–1.33) | 1.26 (1.02– 1.57) | 1.14 (0.89– 1.46) | 2.32 (1.45– 3.71) | N/A |
| Paternal age (years) | |||||
| Continuous (unit = 1 year) | 1.01 (1.00– 1.02) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.02 (1.01– 1.03) | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) |
| Categorical | |||||
| < 35b | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 35 | 1.20 (1.07– 1.34) | 1.39 (1.18– 1.64) | 1.34 (1.11– 1.61) | 2.33 (1.55, 3.51) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) |
| ≥ 35c | 1.19 (1.06– 1.33) | 1.36 (1.15– 1.61) | 1.31 (1.09– 1.59) | 2.18 (1.43, 3.32) | N/A |
| Gestational age (weeks) | |||||
| Continuous (unit = 1 week) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 0.98 (0.96– 1.01) | 0.99 (0.96– 1.02) | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Categorical | |||||
| < 37 | 1.01 (0.87–1.17) | 0.94 (0.74– 1.21) | 0.94 (0.72–1.24) | 1.22 (0.68–2.18) | 0.93 (0.65–1.33) |
| 37–41b | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 42 | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.90 (0.72–1.12) | 0.93 (0.73–1.18) | 0.89 (0.49–1.59) | 1.16 (0.87–1.54) |
| Weight-for-Age | |||||
| SGA | 0.94 (0.81– 1.09) | 0.84 (0.65– 1.08) | 0.73 (0.54– 0.98) | 1.13 (0.63–2.04) | 0.98 (0.70– 1.37) |
| AGAb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| LGA | 1.24 (1.08– 1.43) | 1.39 (1.12– 1.73) | 1.57 (1.25–1.97) | 0.76 (0.37– 1.57) | 1.15 (0.82–1.59) |
| Birth weight (g) | |||||
| Continuous (unit = 1 kg) | 1.13 (1.04– 1.22) | 1.28 (1.12– 1.44) | 1.42 (1.23– 1.63) | 0.82 (0.60– 1.12) | 1.17 (0.98–1.40) |
| Categorical | |||||
| ≤ 2500 | 1.06 (0.88– 1.27) | 0.89 (0.65– 1.22) | 0.80 (0.56– 1.16) | 1.28 (0.64–2.53) | 1.04 (0.69–1.57) |
| 2501–3999b | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥4000 | 1.27 (1.11– 1.45) | 1.44 (1.18– 1.75) | 1.59 (1.28– 1.96) | 0.74 (0.37–1.46) | 1.37 (1.03– 1.83) |
| Congenital malformation | |||||
| Nob | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 2.51 (1.80–3.50) | 3.11 (1.97– 4.91) | 1.68 (0.87– 3.22) | 10.79 (5.49– 21.18) | 1.67 (0.73–3.83) |
| Yesc | 1.92 (1.32–2.79) | 1.28 (0.64– 2.53) | 0.88 (0.36– 2.16) | 4.52 (1.64– 12.50) | 1.75 (0.77–4.01) |
| Down syndrome | |||||
| Nob | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 14.61 (5.26– 40.58) | 41.03 (14.75–114.13) | 18.24 (5.27– 63.15) | 136.66 (41.12– 454.19) | N/A |
SGA, small for gestational age; AGA, appropriate for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age; BW, birth weight; OR, odds ratio point estimate; CI, confidence interval;
a
ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CNS, central nervous system tumors;
b
Reference group;
c
Subjects with Down syndrome excluded (no cases of CNS, neuroblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, retinoblastoma, or other cancer);
†
Number of cases were calculated before exclusion of missing gestational age.