Table 2. Comparisons of Means Graphed in Figures (6, 7, 8 and 9) Reflecting Fos Densities (Fos-ir nuclei/mm2) for (A) Cocaine (SAC) vs Saline (SAS) Self-Administration On Days 1 and 6 and (B) After 6 vs 1 Day of SAC or SAS.
|
(A). SAC vs SAS on day |
(B). Day 6 vs Day 1 for |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (SAC-SAS) | 6 (SAC-SAS) | SAC (day 6– day 1) | SAS (day 6– day1) | |
| Basal ganglia —input structures (Figures 6a and b) | ||||
| Accumbens | ||||
| Rostral pole | ↑ (+243) | NS | ↓↓ (−429) | NS |
| Core | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Shell | NS | NS | ↓↓ (−497) | NS |
| Caudate putamen | ||||
| Central | ↑↑ (+1548) | ↑↑ (+1376) | ↓↓ (−534) | ↓↓ (−362) |
| Ventrolateral | ↑↑ (+1236) | ↑↑ (+266) | ↓↓ (−889) | NS |
| Basal ganglia —output and intrinsic structures (Figures 6a and b) | ||||
| Ventral pallidum | ↑↑ (+332) | ↑↑ (+748) | ↑↑ (+429) | NS |
| Globus pallidus | ↑↑ (+393) | ↑↑ (+539) | ↑ (+124) | NS |
| Subthalamic nucleus | ↑↑ (+2816) | ↑↑ (+2808) | NS | NS |
| Substantia nigra reticulata | ↑↑ (+341) | ↑↑ (+523) | ↑ (+156) | NS |
| Ventral tegmental area | NS | ↑↑ (+592) | ↑↑ (+456) | NS |
| Extended amygdala, septum and zona incerta (Figures 7a and b) | ||||
| Bed nucleus of stria terminalis | ||||
| Dorsolateral division | NS | ↑ (+1074) | ↑↑ (+657) | NS |
| Dorsomedial division | ↑↑ (+366) | NS | NS | ↑↑ (+411) |
| Ventral division | NS | NS | ↑ (+271) | ↑↑ (+459) |
| Central nucleus of the amygdala | ||||
| Medial division | ↑ (+171) | ↓↓ (−252) | NS | ↑↑ (+434) |
| Lateral division | ↑↑ (+455) | ↑↑ (+312) | ↑↑ (+440) | ↑↑ (+583) |
| Lateral septum | ||||
| Intermediate division | ↑↑ (+781) | ↑↑ (+1275) | ↑↑ (+605) | NS |
| Ventral division | NS | ↓↓ (−883) | NS | ↑↑ (+866) |
| Zona incerta | ↑ (+146) | ↑↑ (+193) | ↑↑ (+256) | ↑↑ (+208) |
| Habenula (Figure 7b) | ||||
| Lateral habenula | ||||
| Lateral division | ↑↑ (+1222) | NS | ↓↓ (−1693) | NS |
| Medial division | ↑↑ (1878) | ↑↑ (1319) | ↓↓ (−594) | NS |
| Brainstem (Figure 8a) | ||||
| Rostromedial tegmental nuc | ||||
| Rostral part | ↑↑ (+1542) | ↑↑ (646) | ↓↓ (−897) | NS |
| Caudal part | ↑↑ (+1337) | ↑↑ (1195) | ↓↓ (−184) | NS |
| Pedunculopontine tegmental nuc | NS | ↑ (123) | NS | NS |
| Laterodorsal tegmental nuc | NS | ↑↑ (216) | NS | ↓ (−178) |
| Hypothalamus (Figure 8b) | ||||
| Suprachiasmatic nucleus | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Supraoptic nucleus | ↑↑ (+1719) | ↓ (−598) | ↓↓ (−3608) | ↓ (−1291) |
| Paraventricular nucleus | ↑↑ (+2057) | NS | ↓↓ (−1611) | NS |
| Cortex (Figure 9) | ||||
| Piriform | NS | NS | NS | ↑ (826) |
| Prelimbic | ↑ (+366) | NS | NS | NS |
| Anterior cingulate | ↑ (+597) | NS | ↓ (−530) | NS |
| Somatosensory | ||||
| forelimb/hindlimb | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Barrel | NS | ↑↑ (+2226) | NS | ↓↓ (−1565) |
Symbols indicate that SAC (in A) and day 6 (in B) Fos expressions were greater (↑ [p<0.5], ↑↑ [p<0.01]), lesser (↓ [p<0.5], ↓↓ [p<0.01]) or not significantly different (NS) from SAS and day 1, respectively. Numbers in paretheses indicate the actual magnitudes of significant responses, reflecting (in A) mean SAC values after the respective SAS means had been subtracted out and (in B) mean day 6 values after the respective day 1 means had been subtracted out. Note in numerous structures, that repeated saline self-administration produces Fos responses that are significantly changed over 6 days (column B, SAS). Particularly in extended amygdala structures, septum and zona incerta, the Fos response to repeated SAS is nearly uniformly increased, such that the apparent enhancement of Fos expression in these structures after day 6 as compared with day 1 of SAC is accounted for in part by an increase in Fos expression due to repetition of self-administration. For similar reasons, decreased Fos expression observed in the central part of the caudate-putamen after 6 as compared with day 1 of SAC may be accounted for in part by the decrease in Fos expression associated with repetition of self-administration.