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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2010 Jan;110(1):83–88. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.09.007

Table 3.

Multivariate Associations of Worker Characteristics with Urinary Concentrations of Metals, Farmworkers in North Carolina, 2007.

Metal (outcome) (µg/g creatinine)

Arsenic Lead Mercury Cadmium

Co-Variates mean 95% CI p-value mean 95% CI p-value mean 95% CI p-value mean 95% CI p-value
Age 0.20 0.015 0.75 <0.01
18–24 14.50 10.91 19.27 0.79 0.62 1.02 0.29 0.17 0.50 0.15 0.13 0.18
25–29 15.31 11.55 20.28 0.90 0.70 1.15 0.39 0.23 0.66 0.19 0.16 0.23
30–39 19.10 14.98 24.36 1.14 0.92 1.42 0.36 0.22 0.56 0.21 0.18 0.24
40+ 18.64 14.68 23.66 1.21 0.98 1.50 0.39 0.25 0.62 0.25 0.21 0.29
Region in Mexico 0.50 <0.01 <0.01 0.17
North 14.64 10.70 20.03 0.91 0.68 1.20 0.54 0.30 0.97 0.19 0.16 0.24
Central 16.90 14.06 20.32 1.34 1.14 1.59 0.64 0.45 0.91 0.22 0.19 0.25
South 19.05 13.33 27.24 0.81 0.59 1.12 0.13 0.07 0.25 0.18 0.14 0.23
Pack-Years <0.01 0.99 0.30 <0.01
< 1 yr 10.92 9.28 12.86 1.00 0.87 1.16 0.27 0.20 0.36 0.17 0.15 0.19
1–5 yrs 18.02 13.21 24.57 1.00 0.76 1.33 0.37 0.21 0.67 0.16 0.13 0.20
> 5 yrs 23.95 16.31 35.16 0.98 0.69 1.38 0.45 0.22 0.92 0.28 0.21 0.35
Current Smoker 0.30 0.27 0.70 0.39
Yes 15.73 12.76 19.38 1.06 0.88 1.28 0.34 0.23 0.50 0.20 0.18 0.23
No 17.88 14.08 22.69 0.94 0.76 1.16 0.37 0.24 0.58 0.19 0.16 0.22
Years in US Agriculture 0.38 0.28 0.38 0.31
≤ 1 yr 16.03 12.12 21.21 0.86 0.67 1.10 0.34 0.20 0.57 0.18 0.15 0.22
2–3 yrs 15.29 11.42 20.47 0.95 0.73 1.23 0.40 0.23 0.70 0.19 0.16 0.23
4–7 yrs 19.55 15.24 25.09 1.12 0.90 1.40 0.42 0.26 0.66 0.22 0.18 0.26
≥ 8 yrs 16.48 12.81 21.21 1.08 0.86 1.36 0.28 0.17 0.45 0.20 0.17 0.24