Table 1.
Youths’ scores on outcome variables1 by group and measurement occasion
| Pretest (n = 514) |
Posttest (n = 514) |
1 year (n = 513) |
2 years (n = 452) |
3 years (n = 469) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |
| Family involvement2 | ||||||||||
| CD | 2.2A | (0.12) | 2.2a,b,A | (0.10) | 2.3a,A,B | (0.83) | 2.3a,b,A,B | (0.89) | 2.4a,B | (0.51) |
| CD and parent | 2.2A | (0.19) | 2.3a,A,B | (0.08) | 2.4a,B | (0.65) | 2.4a,B | (0.64) | 2.6b,C | (0.44) |
| Control | 2.1A | (0.08) | 2.1b,A | (0.08) | 2.2b,A | (0.82) | 2.2b,A | (0.91) | 2.2c,A | (0.73) |
| Peer influence | ||||||||||
| CD | 3.7A | (0.27) | 3.7a,A | (0.16) | 3.7a,A | (0.69) | 3.8a,A | (0.89) | 3.2a,B | (0.60) |
| CD and parent | 3.8A | (0.26) | 3.7a,A,B | (0.14) | 3.6a,B | (0.75) | 3.6b,B | (0.77) | 3.2a,C | (0.55) |
| Control | 3.7A | (0.17) | 3.8b,A,B | (0.14) | 3.8b,A,B | (0.76) | 3.9c,B,C | (0.74) | 3.9b,B,C | (0.63) |
| Alcohol, past 30 days | ||||||||||
| CD | 0.7A | (0.18) | 0.8a,A,B | (0.33) | 0.8a,A,B | (0.16) | 0.9a,B,C | (0.38) | 1.0a,C | (0.22) |
| CD and parent | 0.7A | (0.21) | 0.7a,A | (0.32) | 0.8a,A,B | (0.14) | 0.9a,B | (0.19) | 0.9b,B | (0.17) |
| Control | 0.7A | (0.17) | 1.0b,B | (0.31) | 1.2b,C | (0.24) | 1.4b,D | (0.41) | 1.6c,E | (0.34) |
| Cigarettes, past 30 days | ||||||||||
| CD | 0.6A | (0.22) | 0.7a,A,B | (0.07) | 0.7a,A,B | (0.13) | 0.8a,B,C | (0.36) | 0.9a,C | (0.28) |
| CD and parent | 0.6A | (0.32) | 0.6a,A | (0.12) | 0.7a,A,B | (0.09) | 0.7a,A,B | (0.12) | 0.8a,B,C | (0.20) |
| Control | 0.7A | (0.17) | 0.8b,A,B | (0.05) | 0.9b,B | (0.38) | 1.2b,C | (0.50) | 1.3b,C,D | (0.53) |
| Marijuana, past 30 days | ||||||||||
| CD | 0.5A | (0.02) | 0.6a,b,A,B | (0.04) | 0.7a,B,C | (0.07) | 0.7a,B,C | (0.27) | 0.8a,C | (0.21) |
| CD and parent | 0.5A | (0.16) | 0.5a,A | (0.09) | 0.6a,A,B | (0.04) | 0.7a,B | (0.11) | 0.7a,B | (0.19) |
| Control | 0.6A | (0.16) | 0.7b,A | (0.06) | 0.9b,B | (0.07) | 1.2b,C | (0.34) | 1.4b,D | (0.37) |
1
Notes: Unless noted otherwise, lower scores are better.
2
Higher scores are better. Means with different lowercase subscripts differ at p < .05 by Scheffé post hoc comparisons across groups within measurement occasions. Means with different uppercase subscripts differ at p < .05 by Scheffé post hoc comparisons across measurement occasions within groups.