EP3 receptor modulation altered urine production as assessed during continuous-filling cystometry. (A) Comparison of the average normalized response on void volume and micturition interval in response to GR63799X treatment (n= 10). The reduction in micturition interval was significantly greater than that in void volume (P= 0.01, two-way repeated measures anova). (B) GR63799X [0.1 mg·kg−1, intraduodenal (i.d.)] increased endogenous urine flow, compared with vehicle treatment (P= 0.006, two-way repeated measures anova, ***P < 0.001 Bonferroni post hoc vs. vehicle). (C) Intra-arterial infusion of saline (IA saline) increases urine production, as indicated by the increase of urine flow. CM9 (30 mg·kg−1, i.d.) antagonized this response (P < 0.0001 one-way anova, **P < 0.01 vs. IA saline, ***P < 0.001 vs. control).