A. Absorption spectra of: 1, G178W mutant of gloeobacter rhodopsin, ca. 16 μM in 0.02% DDM, 20 mM MOPS, pH 7.2, 100 mM NaCl; 2, after addition of 12 μM salinixanthin; and 3, spectrum 2 minus spectrum 1, indicating no binding of salinixanthin to the G178W mutant. B. Excitation spectra of retinal emission sampled at 720 nm before (spectrum 1) and after addition of 16 μM salinixanthin (spectrum 2).