Mitochondrial (mt) gene order from ND5 to srRNA as in nonavian vertebrate animals (including representative fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals) (a), as previously known for birds (b), and as in birds having the novel mt gene order reported here (c). Numbered bars denote DNA fragments that we sequenced for various bird species (see Table 1). Gene designations: ND5/ND6, NADH dehydrogenase subunits 5 and 6; CytB, cytochrome b; srRNA, small subunit rRNA; tRNAs are indicated by the corresponding one-letter amino acid code. nc, Variable length, nonprotein coding sequence. The DNA regions shown as bars below the drawings (1–5) in b and c correspond to the following regions in the published Gallus gallus sequence (11): 1, positions 1–16,775 (whole mt genome); 2, 15,711–16,190; 3, 16,226–77 or 524; 4, 15,711–16,107 and 1–613; and 5, 538–1,227 and 16,108–16,190. Control region sequences were identified by the presence and relative position of conserved sequence blocks: F-box, D-box, CSB-1 (12).