Role of PI3K/aPKC signaling in feeding effects of LPS, leptin, and insulin. 3V-cannulated rats (n = 8/group) were pretreated with icv saline (Sal) or INH (2 nmol) followed by ip saline or LPS (50 μg/kg) just before the dark cycle, and food intake was monitored over 24 h. Effects of INH pretreatment on LPS-induced anorexia at 4 h (A) and 24 h (B) are shown. *, P < 0.05 compared with all other conditions. C, 3V-cannulated rats (n = 8/group) were treated with icv vehicle (5% dimethylsulfoxide; Veh) or LY294002 (LY; 1 nmol) followed by ip saline or LPS (50 μg/kg) just before the dark cycle, and food intake was monitored over 24 h. P = 0.058 at 4 h. *, P < 0.05 vs. Veh/Sal and INH/LPS; **, P < 0.05 vs. Veh/Sal and Veh/LPS. D, 3V-cannulated rats (n = 8/group) pretreated with icv saline (Sal) or INH (2 nmol) followed by icv vehicle (0.1 m Na citrate) (Veh) or leptin (4 μg) (Lep) just before the dark cycle were monitored for food consumption over 24 h. P = ns for Sal/Lep vs. INH/Lep. *, P < 0.05 vs. Sal/Veh E, 3V-cannulated rats (n = 8/group) were pretreated with icv saline (Sal) or INH (2 nmol) followed by icv saline or insulin (4 mU) (Ins) 4 h before dark cycle onset. *, P < 0.05 vs. Sal/Sal.