Table 1.
Participants’ Characteristics* in Frequencies (%) or Means (sd), n = 506
| Characteristic | Number (%) or Mean (sd) |
|---|---|
| Race/Ethnicity, # (%) | |
| White | 339 (67.0%) |
| Black or African American | 89 (17.6%) |
| Asian | 34 (6.7%) |
| Other | 44 (8.7%) |
| Total Annual Family Income, # (%) | |
| ≥ $80,000 | 178 (36.5%) |
| $20,000 - $79,999 | 177 (36.3%) |
| < $20,000 | 133 (27.3%) |
| Education, # (%) | |
| ≥ 4-year degree | 263 (52.2%) |
| High School Diploma or some Post-High School | 160 (31.8%) |
| < High School Diploma | 81 (16.1%) |
| Health Insurance, # (%) | |
| Private Insurance | 257 (55.3%) |
| Medical Assistance | 142 (30.5%) |
| None | 6 (1.3%) |
| Mother's age in years, mean, s.d. | 29.1 (6.2) |
| Married (9 month survey), # (%) | 328 (65.2%) |
| Employed: working or on leave (9 month survey), # (%) | 322 (63.6%) |
| Having only one child, # (%) | 207 (41.7%) |
| Breastfeeding (9 month survey), # (%) | 155 (32.9%) |
| Weight, pounds or kilograms (s.d.) | |
| Baseline (pre-pregnancy) | 150.1 (35.4) lb. |
| 68.2 (16.1) kg. | |
| 0-1 month postpartum | 166.1 (37.3) lb. |
| 75.5 (17.0) kg. | |
| 9 months postpartum | 155.9 (37.4) lb. |
| 70.9 9 (17.0) kg. | |
| PHQ-9 (9 mo.), mean (sd) | 3.7 (4.5) |
| Possible range: 0-27; higher score – more depressive symptoms | |
| Mental Health Score (9 mo.) mean (sd) | 24.3 (4.0) |
| Possible range: 5-30; higher score – better mental health | |
| General Health Score (9 mo.), mean (sd) | 3.6 (0.9) |
| Possible range: 1-5; higher score – better general health | |
| Poor appetite or overeating, (9 mo.), mean (sd) | 0.5 (0.8) |
| Possible range: 0-3; higher score – greater difficulty |
*
Characteristics were measured at 0-1 month postpartum, unless otherwise stated.