Table 2.

Basic Multiple Regression Results: Dependent Variable=Log of Total Costs

	Estimated Coefficient (t-Statistic)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Constant	4.717	2.755	2.137
	(25.11)	(8.73)	(4.65)
Log of population	0.904	0.825	0.845
	(52.21)	(46.57)	(35.58)
Log of total service offerings		0.803	0.718
		(11.26)	(9.65)
% Services contracted out*		−1.262	−0.648
		(2.71)	(1.30)
% Services produced by other agencies*		−1.952	−1.662
		(9.91)	(8.49)
% Clinical services†		1.319	1.056
		(5.42)	(4.46)
% County funding†			0.004
			(2.60)
% State funding†			0.005
			(2.22)
% Federal funding†			0.004
			(1.99)
% Medicaid funding†			0.016
			(7.16)
% Medicare funding†			0.018
			(7.50)
% Private foundation funding†			0.027
			(5.44)
% Private health insurance funding†			0.006
			(1.08)
%Patient personal fees†			0.004
			(1.60)
% Regulatory fees†			−0.001
			(0.22)
% Tribal funding†			−0.046
			(3.39)
% Other funding†			0.008
			(3.30)
% White‡			0.002
			(0.79)
% Black‡			0.009
			(2.95)
% Asian‡			0.016
			(1.62)
% Hispanic‡			0.002
			(0.74)
LHD with county jurisdiction§			−0.150
			(1.39)
LHD with city/county jurisdiction§			0.033
			(0.29)
LHD with town/township jurisdiction§			−0.182
			(1.51)
LHD with regional jurisdiction§			−0.203
			(1.78)
LHD with other jurisdiction§			−0.418
			(2.68)
LHD serving micropolitan area¶			−0.004
			(0.10)
LHD serving rural area¶			0.059
			(1.13)
Adjusted R2	0.830	0.853	0.875
Number of observations	2,018	1,751	1,654

Notes. All models are specified with a set of 47 state dummy variables for which the results are not shown to save space.

Heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors are shown in parentheses.

^*Omitted category is percent of services produced internally.

^†Omitted category is percent town or city funding.

^‡Omitted category is percent other (e.g., Pacific Islander or non-Hispanic).

^§Omitted category is city jurisdiction.

^¶Omitted category is urban area.

LHD, local health department.