Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2010 Jan 5;5(1):e8557. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008557

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.

PMC Copyright notice

a, normal healthy human skin stained for δ-toxin, showed deposition in the epidermis and dermis. Inset is 40× magnification of δ-toxin in dermis. Bar represents 50 µm. This is a single specimen representative of two. Nuclei are labeled with DAPI (blue) and δ-toxin is labeled with Alexa fluor 488 (green). The far left panel depicts the IgG control for the anti δ-toxin staining. b, δ-toxin was added to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which were subsequently stained for LL-37 and δ-toxin. Staining shows colocalization of antimicrobial peptides along DNA strands. Bar represents 20 µm. Nuclei are labeled with DAPI (blue), δ-toxin is labeled with Alexa fluor 488 (green), and LL-37 is labeled with Alexa fluor 568 (red). The far left panel depicts the IgG control for the anti δ-toxin and anti LL-37 staining. c, primary keratinocytes incubated with (+ δ-toxin) and without (-δ-toxin) δ-toxin then anti δ-toxin staining evaluated. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue) and δ-toxin is labeled with Alexa fluor 568 (red). d, tryptophan spectroscopy of δ-toxin in the presence and absence of neutrophil DNA.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure