TABLE 6.
Author, Year | Location | N | HIV Prevalence (%) | Symptoms Included | Gold Standard | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Communities | |||||||
Corbett, 2008 (20) | Harare | 8,979 | 21 | Cough, weight loss, fever, hemoptysis, night sweats | Case definitions applied* | 77 | 89 |
den Boon, 2006 (16) | Cape Town | 1,170 | <12† | Cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, fever, weight loss | Positive smear or culture at screening | 69 | 68 |
Wood, 2007 (21) | Cape Town | 762 | 23 | Cough, night sweats, loss of appetite, loss of weight | 2 positive smears or cultures at screening | 33 | 74‡ |
Workplaces | |||||||
Corbett, 2007 (17) | Harare factory workers | 4,668 | 19 | Cough, fever, hemoptysis, night sweats, unintentional weight loss | Case definitions applied* | 59 | — |
Lewis§ | South African gold miners | 1,905 | 29 | New or worsening cough (any duration), night sweats, weight loss | Case definitions applied* | 31 | 90 |
HIV clinics | |||||||
Mohammed, 2004 (19) | Cape Town HIV clinic, WHO stage III or IV | 129 | 100 | >1 of measured weight loss, cough, night sweats, or fever | Positive screening culture and symptoms or CXR | 100 | 88.1 |
Day, 2006 (15)‖ |
South African gold miners |
899 |
100 |
Cough, night sweats, weight loss |
Case definitions applied* |
59 |
76 |
Definition of abbreviations: CXR = chest radiographic abnormalities; WHO = World Health Organization.
Case definitions used screening and follow-up results from clinical examination, chest radiographic abnormalities, smear, and culture.
HIV testing was not done; HIV prevalence in this population was assumed to be less than the 12% reported from local antenatal clinics.
Not able to calculate specificity as proportion with one or more symptom that did not have tuberculosis was not specified. Specificity for loss of weight reported as it had the highest specificity.
This study.
Results did not differ by CD4 count.