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Vesicle formation by alMGS protein. Schematic illustrates the individual steps for how membrane interface intercalation of large amounts of alMGS or alDGS, and binding to anionic lipids, expand the inner membrane and cause bending (A), eventually leading to vesiculation (B). The nonbilayer-prone PE or GlcDAG lipids (cone-shaped) are synthesized on the IM inner monolayer but must be distributed to both monolayers. GlcDAG is not needed for vesiculation (see “Results”).
